The general meaning of this study was to develop such an important direction in solving the fundamental psychological and pedagogical problem" Training and Development" as establishing the characteristics of the formation of meta-subject cognitive competencies in schoolchildren during the period of study in the fifth, sixth and seventh grades of basic school.

According to the provisions of the new Federal State Educational Standard of Basic General Education [5], mastering by children of the basic educational program of the fifth-seventh grades of the basic school should lead not only to the achievement of subject educational results based on the assimilation of the content of programs of specific academic disciplines, but also to the formation of meta-subject cognitive competencies associated with mastering schoolchildren with the ability to build logical reasoning, inference and draw conclusions; with the development, selection and implementation of effective ways to solve problems of a search nature, educational and cognitive tasks; with the mastery of schoolchildren's ability to independently plan ways to achieve the goal; with the development by them of the initial forms of cognitive reflection and the skills associated with it to exercise control over their actions, to determine and correct their methods. In understanding the effectiveness of ways to solve problems of a search nature, in interpreting the forms of cognitive reflection and the ability to determine and correct methods for solving problems, in interpreting the characteristics of the formation of skills to independently plan ways to achieve a goal, and in assessing the ability to build logical reasoning, inference and draw conclusions, we relied on the provisions of two types of cognitive activity developed in dialectical logic and implemented in the studies of VV Davydov [2] and in the works of his followers (see, for example,[1, 3,]).