The article analyzes the main aspects of defining the concept of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in terms of different scientific approaches. The authors analyzed and described the main causes of post-traumatic stress disorder, its epidemiology, symptoms, theoretical background of the study of PTSD and diagnostic criteria according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)–10. The authors conducted a historical review of the study of post-traumatic stress disorder. They presented a diagram of the main directions of psychotherapy in working with PTSD based on their own analysis. In addition, the researchers developed and described an algorithm for psychotherapeutic work with post-traumatic stress disorder, which shows the main goals and stages of psychotherapy; they developed a model for the analysis and recognition of post-traumatic stress disorder.